Kings can move one square in each of the 8 directions. When castling kings can however jump two squares left or right.
This is a QUEEN
Queens move both diagonally, vertically or horisontally and cannot jump over other pieces.
This is a ROOK
Rooks move vertically or horisontally and cannot jump over other pieces.
This is a BISHOP
Bishops move diagonally and cannot jump over other pieces.
This is a KNIGHT
Knights move 1 square in one direction followed by 2 squares perpendicular to that direction.
This is a PAWN
Pawns can only move forward one square (two squares the first time the pawn moves). Capturing moves involve a diagonal move - forward left or right. Pawns advancing to the 8th rank are promoted.